常用临床医学英文概念

diseases 疾眼疾

acute diseases 引眼疾态眼疾

advanced diseases 眼疾沉重期，晚期疾眼疾

chronic diseases慢眼疾态眼疾

communicable diseases 传染眼疾

complicating diseases 并发眼疾

congenital diseases 先天眼疾态疾眼疾

acquired diseases 后天眼疾态疾眼疾

contagious diseases接触眼疾态传染眼疾

endemic diseases 地方眼疾

epidemic diseases 流行眼疾

functional diseases 机能眼疾、官能眼疾

infectious diseases 传染眼疾

inherited diseases 遗传眼疾

malignant diseases恶眼疾态眼疾

nutritional diseases 养分眼疾

occupation diseases 职业眼疾

organic diseases 器质眼疾态眼疾

paroxysmal diseases 阵发眼疾态眼疾

periodical diseases 周期眼疾

primary（principal）diseases原发（主导者）眼疾

secondary diseases 继发眼疾

sexual（venereal, social）diseases 眼疾态眼疾

terminal diseases 血癌

wasting diseases 消耗眼疾态疾眼疾chief complaint 主诉

clinical manifestation 临床表现

delivery history 分娩世界史

etiology眼疾因学

family history 家族世界史

history, medical history 眼疾世界史

precipitating（induced）诱因

marital status婚姻状况

menstrual history 子宫世界史

menarche 初潮

menopause闭经

past history既往世界史

pathogenesis 发眼疾机制

personal history 个人世界史symptoms 病征

cardinal symptom 细菌性

classical symptom 典型病征

concomitant symptom 伴发病征

constitutional（systemic） symptom 四肢病征

indirect symptom 间接病征

induced symptom 诱发病征

local symptom 局部病征

mental symptom自觉病征

symptom-complex （syndrome）symptom 综合症，症候群

signs体南征

antecedent 前驱南征

assident （accessory） 副南征

commemorative 病痛

sign of death 死南征

diagnostic临床南征

sign of disease 眼疾南征

subjective 全然南征，直觉南征

vein sign静脉南征vital sign 生命体南征

body length （height of the body） 身高

body weight 身高

barrel chest 桶状背

cachexia 恶眼疾质

compulsive position 被动

critical facies 眼疾危面容

emaciation 消瘦

enophthalmos 眼球下陷

entropion 睑内翻

exophthalmos 眼球显眼

flushed face 面色潮绿

gain （loss） in weight 缩减（大大降低）身高

lock-jaw 牙关紧闭

lordosis 肋骨前凸

nasal ala flap 鼻翼扇动

nystagmus 眼震

obesity 肥胖

pallor 纤细

scolisis 肋骨侧凸

agitation 焦引不安

debility, weakness 虚弱

diaphoresis 出汗，大量出汗

dizziness, vertigo 眩晕

lassitude, fatigue 根本无法，倦怠

malaise 身体虚弱

night sweat 盗汗

numbness 麻木

rigor, chill 寒冷，发冷

perspiration, sweating 出汗

pruritus, itching 痒，

somasthenia 躯干根本无法

tingling 麻刺感abscess 穿孔

acidosis 酸中毒

adhesion 蜂窝

alkalosis 碱中毒

allergy 过敏

coagulation defect 凝血过多

congestion 发炎

dehydration 油脂

distention 膨胀

edema 水肿

embolism 栓塞，栓塞过渡到

fluid and electrolyte imbalance 水电解质紊乱

gangrene 细菌感染

hematoma 血肿

hemorrhage, bleeding 水肿

infarction 梗塞，梗死

infection 传染

inflammation 呼吸道

ketoacidosis 酮酸中毒

metastasis 转移

perforation 穿孔

necrosis 坏死

shock 诱发

response 反应，应答

reaction 反应，感应

thrombosis 血栓

ulceration 溃疡fever, pyrexia 发烧，发热

continuous fever 稽留热

intermittent fever 间歇热

low-grade fever 低热

remittent fever 驰张热

relapsing fever 回归热pain 烦

burning pain 灼烦

chest（flank,…） pain 背（胁腹…）烦

cramp-like pain 痉挛眼疾态烦

dull, diffused pain 弥漫眼疾态钝烦

pleuritic pain 背膜炎眼疾态烦

radiating pain （pain radiating to…） 放射眼疾态烦（放射到…疼烦）angina 无烦

cardiac angina 心无烦

backache 背烦

colic 无烦，引腹烦

earache 耳烦

headache 头烦

neuralgia 神经烦

migraine 偏头烦

rebound tenderness 反跳烦

somatalgia 躯干烦

sore throat 咽喉烦

stomachache 胃烦

toothache 牙烦

bloody sputum 带血的肿

cough 咳嗽

dry cough 干咳

expectoration 咳肿

expectoration of blood 栓塞

hemoptysis 栓塞anoxia 间歇性

apnea 和气管取消，窒息

asthma 哮喘，哮喘

Cheyne Stokes respiration 切－斯氏和气管，潮式和气管

dyspnea 和气管困难

hyperpnea hyperventilation 过度和气管，换和气过度

hypopnea 和气管不全， 和气管浅表

hypoxia 低氧，间歇性

orthopnea 端坐和气管

respiratory arrest 和气管停止

suffocation 窒息

tachypnea 和气管引促

fetid breath 口臭

fruity breath 和气管有水果味arrhythmia 心律失常，心律不齐

atelectasis 肺不张，肺膨胀不全

cardiac arrest 心搏骤停

cardiac hypertrophy 肝脏下垂

cyanosis 发绀，青紫

distension of jugular vein 颈静脉怒张

extrasystole 期外松弛

gallop rhythm 奔马律

hemopleura 血背

hepatojugular reflux 肝颈静脉留住

hypovolemia （重复）血容量减少

palpitation 心悸

tachycardia 心动过速

pneumothorax 和气背

thrill 眩晕

absent breath sounds 和气管鼻音消失

dull sound 浊鼻音

hyperresonant 鼓鼻音

rale 啰鼻音

rhonchus, rhonchi 鼾鼻音，干啰鼻音

wheeze 哮鸣鼻音anorexia, loss of appetite 食欲不振，厌食

dysphagia 吞咽困难

eructation 嗳和气

belching 嗳和气

flatulence 和气胀

flatus 肠胃和气，屁

gaseous distention 胃胀和气

hematemesis 呕血

hiccough, hiccup 打呃，呃逆

nausea 烦躁

pyrosis 胃灼热

regurgitation 反胃，留住

thirsty 口渴

vomiting 呕吐

fissure, crack in the c 肛裂

ascites 腹水

board-like rigidity of the abdomen 板状腹

decreased tactile fremitus 恰到好处眼疾态眩晕减弱

exophageal varices 食管静脉曲张

fistula 瘘，瘘管

hemorrhoid 痔

hernia 疝

hepatomegaly 肝肿大

intussusception 肠套叠

jaundice 黄疸

muscle guarding, defence of the abdominal wall 腹腔肌肉卫

peristalsis 排泄

loss of peristalsis 排泄消失

mass peristalsis 总排泄

retrograde （reversed） peristalsis 逆排泄

prolapse 脱垂

prolapse of anus 脱肛

rectal prolapse 直肠脱垂，脱肛

volvulus 肠扭转calculus 结石， 石

biliary calculus 肝病

vesical calculus 膀胱结石constipation 没多久秘

defecation 手淫

diarrhea 腹泻

incontinence of feces 呕吐失禁

hematochezia 没多久血

fecal impaction 呕吐嵌塞

occult blood 潜血

painful straining with defecation 手淫烦眼疾态牵动

clay colored stools 陶土色没多久

dark, granular/coffee ground emesis 咖啡；也呕吐物

fecal vomiting, stercoraceous vomiting 呕粪，吐粪

foul fatty stools, steatorrhea 恶臭脂肪没多久，脂肪痢

scanty and hard stools 没多久少而硬

tarry （black） stools 柏油；也没多久anuria 无尿

burning sensation no urination 排便时的灼烧感

dysurea 排便困难，尿烦

enuresis, bed wetting 遗尿

frequency of urination 尿频

micturation 排便

uresis, urination, voiding 排便

nocturia 夜尿

oliguria 少尿

polyuria 多尿

tenesmus 里引后重

vesical tenesmus 排便时里引后重

uremia coma 尿毒症昏迷

urgency of urination 尿引

urinary incontinence 尿失禁aciduria 酸尿

chyluria 乳糜尿

cylindruia 管型尿

glycosuria 糖尿

hematuria 血尿

ketonuria 酮尿

pneumatinuria 和气尿

proteinuria 心血管疾病

pyuria 脓尿amenorrhea 经闭，无子宫

dysmenorrhea 烦经

menorrhagia 子宫过多

lochia 恶露

menorrhea 横越，子宫过多

menstruation 子宫

uterine contraction 子宫松弛blotch 斑点

bruise 撕裂，青肿

acne 痤疮，粉刺

desquamation 脱毛，脱屑

ecchymosis 瘀斑

loss of skin turgor 失去眼部罄

nevus 痣

papule 丘疹

petechia 瘀点，瘀斑

pigmentation 色素沉着

pustule 脓疱

purpura 紫癫

red nodule 绿结节

roseola 橙疹

scar 伤疤

senile plaque 老人斑

spider anaioma 蛛形痣

subcutaneous nodule 皮下结节

urticaria 荨麻疹

vesicle 小水泡

vitiligo 白斑blindness 精神失常

blurred vision, visual disturbance 听力模糊

impaired vision 听力下降

lacrimation 流泪

papilledema 脑神经水肿

photophobia 畏光，羞明

retinal detachment 视网膜脱离deafness 哑

hearing loss 听力减损

tinnitus 耳鸣

epistaxis, nasal bleeding 鼻水肿

impaired smelling 嗅觉障碍

nasal discharge 鼻涕

nasal obstruction 鼻塞

sneeze 咳嗽

snore 打鼾

aphonia, loss of voice 失鼻音症

hoarseness 嘶哑

gum bleeding 齿龈水肿

herpes labialis 唇疱疹，过敏疮

Koplik's spots 科普利克斑

lead line of the gum 龈铅线

salivation, drooling 流口水

straw-berry tongue 草莓舌

tremulous tongue 舌眩晕atrophy 快速增长

contracture 挛缩

deformity 畸形，变形

dislocation 脱位

fracture 脚踝

closed （simple）fracture 无创脚踝，单纯眼疾态脚踝

comminuted fracture 粉碎眼疾态脚踝

compound fracture 哆开（开放眼疾态）脚踝

knock-knee 膝外翻

opisthotonos 角弓反张

prosthesis 假体

spasm 痉挛

tetany （肌肉）强直，亲兄弟抽搦

wrist drop 腕下垂aphasia 失语

ataxia 共济失调

coma 昏迷

consciousness 人脑，认知

convulsion 痉挛，惊厥

delirium 中毒者

delusion 冲动

faint 不省人事

hallucination 幻觉

hemiplegia 偏瘫

increased intracranial pressure 颅内压大幅提高

insanity 自觉错乱

loss of orientation 定向减损

mania 躁狂

memory defects, amnesia 记忆缺损，遗忘症

paraplegia 截瘫，下半身不止

projectile vomiting 喷射眼疾态呕吐

somnolence, （lethargy） 昏睡，腹泻

stupor 木僵，昏呆

tetraplegia 四肢瘫痪

unconsciousness 失去人脑

yawning 打哈欠crisis 危象

cerebral （febrile, hematic, hemolytic,hypertensive, thyrotoxic, ……） crisis

脑（热、血眼疾态、细菌感染、心肌肉梗死、甲状腺中毒…）危象

failure 肝硬化，故障

central （circulatory, cardiac, myocardiac, peripheral, congestive, renal, respiratory） failure

中枢（重复、心力、心肌肉、远处重复、发炎眼疾态、大肠、和气管…）肝硬化diagnosis临床

auscultation 听诊

inspection 视诊

palpation触诊

percussion 叩诊

laboratory examination 实验室检查

physical examination 体格检查

rectal （vaginal） touch 直肠（）指诊

impression 评语

tentative diagnosis 原订临床

differential diagnosis 鉴别临床

final diagnosis 最后临床

prognosis 预后

prescription 药品

incubation （latent） period 潜伏期

prodromal stage 前驱期

incipient stage 初期

quiescent stage 静止期

alleviation 大大降低，缓和

remission 缓解

attack 发作

convalescence （recovery） stage 恢复期

rehabilitation 康复

relapse 住院

sudden death 身故

moribund 精神异常的

course of the disease 眼疾程

course of the treatment 疗程

indication 适应症，指南征

complication 肝硬化

contraindication 禁忌症

side-effect 副作用

sequel （sequela）, after effect 病痛

therapies 治疗方法

acupuncture therapy 针刺治疗

block therapy 封闭治疗

chemical therpy （chemo-therapy） 化学治疗

combined therapy 综合治疗

conservative therapy 保守治疗

constitutional therapy 四肢治疗

dietetic therapy 饮食治疗

operative treatment 手术治疗

palliative treatment, alleviative treatment 姑息治疗

physical therapy 物理治疗

psychotherapy 自觉治疗

radical treatment 纠正

radio-therapy 放射眼疾态治疗

supporting treatment 支持治疗

symptomatic treatment对症治疗

cardiac massage 肝脏按摩

cardiac pacing 肝脏起博

electrotherapy 电治疗

electroshock treatment 电诱发治疗

hemodialysis 血液透析

hyperbaric therapy 急诊治疗

insulin-shock treatment 胰岛素诱发治疗

light therapy 光治疗

therapeutic gymnastics 卫生保健体育